Te tātari i ngā momo rauemi me ngā āhuatanga e tika ana mō te hangarau tinei taiaho
I. Ngā rauemi whakarewa ferrous (koinei te tono rongonui i tēnei wā)
1. Te maitai waro waenga me te waro teitei (te ihirangi waro 0.3% ~ 0.8%), ngā rauemi noa:
45 maitai (te maitai hanganga waro-waenga kounga teitei), kua tohua ko S45C i roto i ngā paerewa JIS, ASTM 1045/080M46, me te DIN C45, he maitai hanganga waro kounga teitei me te hanganga matū e whai ake nei: 0.42-0.50% waro (C), 0.17-0.37% silicon (Si), 0.50-0.80% manganese (Mn), me te ≤0.25% chromium (Cr). E whakaatu ana tēnei rauemi maha-whakamahinga i te pai o te mahi makariri/wera, ngā āhuatanga miihini pai ake, te whai huatanga utu, me te wātea whānui, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā tono ahumahi. Heoi, ko tōna ngoikoretanga matua ko te iti o te whakapakeketanga, e kore ai e pai mō te hanga waahanga e hiahia ana ki ngā waahanga whakawhiti nui, ki ngā paerewa tino tika rānei.
T8 maitai: He maitai taputapu waro eutectoid e whakaatu ana i te pakeketanga teitei me te ātete ki te kakahu i muri i te tinei me te whakamahana, ahakoa he iti ōna ngoikoretanga tae atu ki te iti o te whakapakeketanga wera, te ngoikore o te whakapakeketanga, me te ngawari ki te wera nui i te wā e miihini ana. E tutuki ana tēnei rauemi i ngā paerewa raupapa GB/T 1298, kei roto ko te ihirangi waro i waenga i te 0.75% me te 0.84%, e pai ai mō te hanga i ngā mate hanga matao āhua māmā me ngā taputapu tapahi. Me whakamatao wai te tukanga tinei i te 780-800℃°C, ko te whakamahana i runga ake i te 250℃°C ka whakarite i te pumau o te āhua. Heoi, kāore i te tūtohutia mō ngā tono e hiahia ana ki te ātete ki te kawenga pānga.
65Mn maitai: He hua maitai puna he kaha teitei i muri i te whakamahana me te whakapakeketanga kume makariri, e tuku ana i te ngāwari me te kirihou pai. I raro i ngā āhuatanga mata ōrite me te whakapakeketanga katoa, ka rite tōna rohe ngenge ki ngā puna koranu tae-rima. Heoi, nā te ngoikore o te whakapakeketanga, ka whakamahia whānuitia mō ngā puna iti pēnei i ngā puna whakatikatika pēhanga/whakahaere tere, ngā puna ine kaha, ngā puna porowhita/tapawhā hāngai miihini whānui, ngā puna maitai kume waea rānei mō ngā mīhini iti. Pānga Whakapakeketanga: Ka eke te pakeke o te mata ki te 55-65 HRC me te hohonutanga paparanga whakapakeke 0.2~1.5mm, e whakaatu ana i te hanganga martensitic ōrite me te ātete kakahu kua pai ake (hei tauira, ka piki ake te roa o te kakahu o te maitai 45 ki te 4-6 ngā wā i muri i te tinei). He pai mō ngā taputapu, ngā pine, me ngā wāhanga o te rakau. Tikanga: Ko te nui o te waro ka hanga i te martensite nui, ka uru ki te austenitization katoa i te wā e tere ana te whakamahana laser, ā, ka tutuki te huringa wāhanga katoa mā te tinei whakamatao-ake.
2. Te maitai hanganga koranu (tāpirihia te Cr, Ni, Mo me ētahi atu huānga), ngā rauemi noa:
40Cr: (Kei raro te 40Cr i te kāwai "maitai hanganga konukōre" e ai ki te whakamāramatanga i roto i te GB3077. Kei roto i tēnei maitai te 0.37%-0.44% waro, he iti iho i te maitai 45, me te ihirangi Si me te Mn rite tonu. Kei roto te 0.80%-1.10% Cr. I roto i ngā tono hurihuri wera, kāore e whai hua tēnei ihirangi 1% Cr, nā te mea he rite tonu ngā āhuatanga ā-pūkaha o ngā momo e rua. I te mea ko te utu o te 40Cr he tata ki te haurua o te utu o te maitai 45, ko ngā whakaaro ōhanga ka arahi i te whakamahi i te maitai 45 hei utu ina taea.
35CrMo: Ko te 35CrMo he waehere whakatakotoranga mō te maitai hanganga koranu (te maitai kua tineihia, kua whakamaroketia hoki), e rite ana ki te paerewa Tiamana 1.7220, te paerewa Piritana 708A37, te paerewa Wīwī 35CD4, me ētahi atu, me te tutuki ki te GB/T 3077-2015. He rite te waro ki te 0.72%, he ngoikore te kaha whakarewa me ngā mehua whakamahana. He kaha pumau me te pakari pānga o tēnei maitai, me te kaha kume ≥985MPa me te kaha hua ≥835MPa, ka taea te tu atu i ngā pāmahana mahi roa tae atu ki te 500℃. He pai mō te hanga i ngā wāhanga miihini kawenga teitei pēnei i ngā pouaka miihini, ngā toki porowhita, ngā tokotoko hono, me ngā miro tāwhana mamaoa i roto i ngā mira hurihuri.
20CrMnTi: He maitai waro-whakapakari me te ihirangi waro o te 0.17%-0.24%, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te hanga motuka mō ngā taputapu tuku. Hei maitai waro-whakapakari waenga (Cr-Mn-Ti), e whakaatu ana i te kaha whakapakeke tino pai me te pupuri tonu i te kaha pānga pāmahana iti. He mea hanga motuhake mō te whakapakeketanga mata, he tino pai te kaha miihini o tēnei maitai me te iti o te whakarerekētanga me te ātete ngenge tino pai. Ko ōna tono matua ko te hanga i ngā wāhanga toki, ngā wāhanga piston, me ngā wāhanga motuhake mō ngā motuka me ngā waka rererangi.
Pānga tinei: Ka taea e te pakeketanga te eke ki te 60 ~ 70 HRC, te hohonutanga o te paparanga whakapakeke 0.3 ~ 2mm, ka whakapai ake ngā huānga koranu i te whakapakeketanga me te ātete ki te waikura (pērā i te taputapu 35CrMo i muri i te tinei ka piki ake te kaha o te ngenge mā te 30%).
Kia mōhio: Tērā pea ka whakaitihia te tere mimiti o te taiaho e te nui o te koranu, nō reira me whakarei ake te pai o te mimiti pūngao mā te maimoatanga pango (pēnei i te whakapūpū me te paninga).
3. Rino maka (rino maka hina, rino maka ngāwari), ngā rauemi noa:
HT300: He momo pearlite tēnei o te rino maka hina kaha teitei, e whakatinanahia ana e te paerewa ā-motu GB 9439-88, ko tōna ingoa "HT" e tohu ana i te rino maka hina, ko te "300" e tohu ana ko te kaha kume iti rawa o te tokotoko whakamātautau 30mm te whānui he 300MPa.
QT600-3: Ko te QT600-3 he rino mātotoru tinana pearlitic, he kaha reo, he pakari reo me te ngāwari, he mahi whānui teitei, he ātete pai ki te kakahu me te whakaiti i te wiri, he pai hoki ngā āhuatanga o te tukanga whakarewa. Ka taea e ia te whakarerekē i ōna āhuatanga mā roto i ngā maimoatanga wera rerekē.
Pānga tinei: Ka taea e te pakeke o te mata te eke ki te 45 ~ 55 HRC, ko te hohonutanga o te paparanga whakapakeke 0.1 ~ 0.8mm, ā, ka hangaia he hanganga martensite + toenga austenite huri noa i te wāhanga graphite, e whakarei ake ana i te kaha o te anti-grinding (hei tauira, ka whakaitihia te tauwehenga waku o te arataki taputapu mīhini i muri i te tineitanga mā te 20%).
II. Ngā konganuku kore-ferrous me ō rātou koranu (ngā mara tono hou)
1. Koranu titanium (Ti-6Al-4V, me ētahi atu)
Ko te koranu titanium e pā ana ki ngā momo koranu i hangaia ki te titanium me ētahi atu konganuku. Ko te titanium he konganuku hanganga nui i whakawhanakehia i te tekau tau atu i 1950, he kaha te koranu titanium, he ātete ki te waikura, he ātete ki te wera.
Ngā āhuatanga whakapakeke: Mā te whakamahana taiaho ka whakatairangahia te hanganga o te martensite tino mātotoru ki runga i te mata, ā, ka piki ake te pakeketanga mai i te 300 HV ki te 500~600 HV, me te pupuri tonu i te pakari (he pai mō te whakapakari i te mata o te miihini rererangi).
Te uauatanga hangarau: He nui te whakaata taiaho o te koranu titanium (tata ki te 70%), nō reira me whakamahi te maimoatanga mata (pēnei i te pupuhi onepu) te taiaho ultraviolet rānei (roa ngaru 355nm, whakaata i raro i te 30%).
2. Konumohe koranu (raupapa 2xxx, raupapa 7xxx)
He rauemi koranu konumohe tēnei kei roto ngā huānga tāpiri pēnei i te parahi, te silicon, te konupora, te konutea, me te manganese. Mā te whakarerekētanga o te ōwehenga huānga, ka hangaia te raupapa 1XXX ki te 8XXX e kapi ana i te konumohe parakore ahumahi me ngā koranu konumohe-parahi. Ko tana pūnaha waehere āhua e hangai ana ki ngā āhua taketake e rima tae atu ki te F (mīhini kore utu) me te O (whakamahana), me ngā waehere taipitopito pēnei i te T6 e āhei ai te whakahaere tika i te kaha me ngā āhuatanga ātete waikura.
Tikanga tinei: Ka tutuki te whakapakari i te otinga totoka mā te whakamahana tere o te taiaho, ā, ka hangaia te wāhanga pūmau i muri i te whakamatao-ā-ia anō (hei tauira, ka piki te pakeke o te koranu konumohe 7075 mai i te 150 HV ki te 220 HV i muri i te tineia).
Ngā herenga tono: He kaha te kawe wera o te konumohe koranu (tata ki te 200 W/m K te kawe wera), me whakamahi te taiaho mana teitei (≥2 kW) hei whakarite i te pai o te whakamahana, ā, he ngāwari ki te whakaputa i te whakarerekētanga o te ahotea wera.
3. Ngā koranu tine (parahi, parahi)
He koranu tēnei i hangaia mai i te parahi parakore me tētahi, neke atu rānei o ngā huānga tāpiri. Ngā Whakamahinga: Te whakapakeketanga o te mata o ngā wāhanga ātete-kakahu (hei tauira, ngā peera, ngā takirere). I muri i te tinei laser, ka hangaia e te mata he hanganga nanocrystalline, ka piki ake te pakeketanga mā te 15% ki te 30%. Heoi, me whakahaere te pāmahana whakamahana kia kore ai e ngohengohe te anga parahi.
III. Ngā Rauemi Mahi Motuhake
1. Ngā Rauemi Whakarewa Paura (hei tauira, ngā wāhanga whakarewa paura rino me te parahi) Ngā Painga: Ka taea e te hanganga pūwero te penapena hinu whakahinuhinu, ā, ka mātotoru ake te mata i muri i te tinei laser. Ka piki ake te pakeketanga mai i te 20-30 HRC ki te 50-55 HRC, e pai ai mō ngā peera whakahinuhinu-ake.
2. Ngā Rauemi Paninga Mata (hei tauira, ngā paninga rehu wera me ngā paparanga whakakikorua) Ngā Whakamahinga Noa: I muri i te tineitanga laser o ngā paninga WC-Co i rehuhia ki runga i ngā mata maitai waro, ka hangaia he hanganga hiato "martensite matrix + cemented carbide phase", ka eke ki te pakeke neke atu i te 1000 HV. Ka whakamahia ēnei rauemi ki roto i ngā wāhanga ātete-kakahu o ngā mīhini keri.
IV. Ngā rauemi kāore e tika ana mō te tinei laser
Rino waro-iti (iti te ihirangi waro i te 0.3%): Nā te korenga o te nui o te waro, he iti noa iho te whakawhiti martensitic, ā, ka hua ake he pānga whakapakeke kino (ka piki ake te pakeke i raro i te 10 HRC). Nā tēnei ka pai ake mō ngā tukanga whakakā me te tinei.
Kowiri tira austenitic parakore (hei tauira, 316L): Kāore i te kaha ki te huri i te martensitic. Ko te whakamahana taiaho ka whakapakeke noa i te mahi me te iti o te whakapainga o te pakeketanga (tata ki te 15% -20%).
Ngā rauemi pūmua (kirihou, rapa): Ka rewa, ka pirau rānei te mata i te whakamahana taiaho, ā, me whai tikanga maimoatanga mata rerekē pērā i te maimoatanga parāuma.
Whakarāpopototanga V.
Ko te hangarau tinei taiaho e pā ana ki ngā maitai waro-waenga-tiketike, ngā maitai hanganga koranu, me te rino maka. I ngā tau tata nei, kua whānui ake ōna whakamahinga ki ngā konganuku kore-ferrous pērā i ngā koranu titanium me ngā koranu konumohe. Me whai whakaaro whānui ki ngā tere mimiti taiaho, te kawe wera, me ngā āhuatanga whakawhiti ā-wāhanga mō te whiriwhiri rauemi. Mā te arotau i ngā tawhā tukanga (hei tauira, te mana me te tere matawai) me te whakakotahitanga o ngā maimoatanga mata (te mangu me te whakataratara) ka taea te whakarei ake i te whai huatanga o te tinei. Mō ngā rauemi whakapakari kore-tinei pērā i ngā maitai waro-iti me ngā maitai kore-waikura austenitic parakore, e taunakihia ana ngā tukanga hiato (hei tauira, te tinei taiaho me te whakakotahitanga mata) me ngā tikanga maimoatanga mata rerekē rānei.