Te rerekētanga i waenga i te paura rino me te paura nikara mō te whakakikorua laser
I roto i te whakakikoruatanga laser o ngā wāhanga rino maka, ko te whiriwhiri i te paura rino me te paura nikara ka pā tika ki te mahi, ngā āhuatanga tono me te utu o te paparanga whakakikoruatanga. Ko te rerekētanga matua i waenga i ngā mea e rua e whakaatuhia ana i roto i te hanganga, te mahi, te urutau tukanga me ngā āhuatanga tono, penei:
1. Ngā rerekētanga o ngā kai
| Momo Paura | Ngā Kai Matua | Ngā huānga whakarewa noa |
| Paura rino | I runga i te Fe (ko te ihirangi he nui ake i te 50%) | He maha ngā wā kei roto ko te Cr, Ni, Mo, Si, B, me ētahi atu (pērā i te pūnaha Fe-Cr-Ni-Mo, te pūnaha Fe-Si-B) |
| Paura e hangai ana ki te nikara | I runga i te Ni (ko te ihirangi he nui ake i te 50%) | He maha ngā wā kei roto ko te Cr, Mo, W, Co, Si, B, me ētahi atu (pērā i te pūnaha Ni-Cr-Mo, te pūnaha Ni-Cr-B-Si) |
2. Whakataurite Mahi Matua
1) Ngā āhuatanga miihini
Paura rino:
• He pakeke teitei (HRC 30-60, me te whakarerekētanga hanganga, he Cr teitei, ka taea e te momo Mo te tae ki te HRC 50, neke atu rānei), he ātete pai ki te kakahu;
• He tata te kaha ki tērā o te rino maka (te kaha kume 500-1000MPa), he pai ake te hototahitanga whakarewa ki te rino maka, ā, he teitei te kaha here i waenga i te paparanga whakakikorua me te papa (te nuinga o te wā >300MPa);
• Tērā pea he tino tairongo ngā tauira pakarukaru waenga, pakeke teitei (me whakahaere te tukanga whakakikorua hei whakaiti i te ahotea).
Paura i ahu mai i te nikara:
• He pakeke waenga (HRC 20-45, he ngawari ake te momo koranu iti, ka eke te momo Cr teitei, ka eke te momo W ki te HRC 40-50), engari he tino pakari, he pai ake te ātete ki te pānga i te paura rino;
• He iti ake te kaha kume i te paura rino koranu teitei (400-800MPa), engari he pai ake te kirihou (te roa >10%, ko te paura rino he
• He iti ake te kaha o te here ki te rino maka (ko te tikanga he 200-300MPa), engari he iti te aro ki ngā pakaru, kāore e ngāwari ki te puta he pakaru makariri (nā te pakari me ngā āhuatanga iti o te ahotea o te nikara).
2) Ātete ki te waikura
Paura rino: he ātete waikura waenga. He pai te ātete o te paura rino noa (Cr iti) ki te waikura o te hau me te wai māori, engari he ngāwari ki te waikura i roto i ngā taiao waikawa me te kawakore. He pai ake te ātete waikura o te momo Cr teitei (te nui o te Cr > 12%), engari kāore i te rite te pai ki te paura nikara.
Paura nikara: he ātete pai ki te waikura, inā koa i roto i ngā taiao pāmahana teitei, haumākū, waikawa me te kawakore (pērā i te waikawa waro, te kawakore ngoikore) (nā te mea ka hangaia e te Ni me te Cr he kiriata waikura matotoru), he pai mō ngā āhuatanga waikura.
3) Ātete wera
Paura rino: he ātete wera whānui, ko te pāmahana mahi mō te wā roa he
Paura nikara: he kaha te ātete ki te wera, ka taea te mahi pumau i roto i te taiao pāmahana teitei o te 600-1000 ℃ (pērā i te paura nikara kei roto ngā huānga Cr me te W, he tino pai te ātete ki te waikura me te ngenge wera).
4) Hototahi ki te anga rino maka
Paura rino: tata atu ki te tauwehenga whānui wera o te rino maka (Fe) (ko te paura rino he tata ki te 11-14×10⁻⁶/℃, ko te rino maka he tata ki te 10-12×10⁻⁶/℃), he iti te ahotea wera i te wā e pania ana, kāore e ngawari ki te pakaru nā te rerekētanga whānui wera (he tino pai mō te paparanga pania matotoru).
Paura nikara: He tino teitei te tauwehenga whānui wera (tata ki te 13-16×10⁻⁶/℃), he rerekē paku tēnei i te rino maka. He ngāwari te pakaru nā te ahotea wera i te wā e pania ana te matotoru, me whakamama mā te whakamahana i mua, te whakamatao puhoi, te pania paparanga rānei.
3. Ngā rerekētanga o te urutau tukanga
Paura rino:
• He iti te aro ki te mana o te taiaho, he rere waenga o te puna rewa, he ngāwari ki te hanga i tētahi paparanga papatahi;
• Kei roto ngā huānga tango waikura pērā i te Si me te B, ā, he tino ātete ki ngā poke pērā i te C me te S i roto i te rino maka (kāore e ngāwari ki te whakaputa pūwero);
• He tino uaua ki te whakahaere i te tere memeha o te paparanga whakakikorua (te ōwehenga o te konganuku turanga i konatunatua ki te paparanga whakakikorua), i te nuinga o te wā ka whakahaeretia i te 10%-20% (tērā pea ka whakaitihia te pakeke ina nui rawa).
Paura i ahu mai i te nikara:
• He tere te mimiti o te taiaho, he pai te rere o te puna kaukau rewa (ina koa te paura nikara kei roto ko te B me te Si), he ngāwari ki te whakatutuki i te paparanga angiangi me te ōrite;
• He tairongo ki te C i roto i te rino maka. Mena he nui te ihirangi waro o te anga (pērā i te rino maka hina), he ngawari te hanga i ngā āhua pakarukaru (pērā i ngā waro whatunga) nā te horapa o te C ki roto i te paparanga whakakikorua. Me tino whakahaere ngā tawhā taiaho (pērā i te whakaiti i te mana me te whakanui ake i te tere matawai) hei whakaiti i te tere waimeha (me iti iho i te 10%);
• He ngāwari ki te tauhohe ki te whanariki (S) i roto i te rino maka hei hanga i te eutectic iti-rewa (pērā i te Ni₃S₂), ka hua ake he kapiti wera. He mea tika kia tangohia ngā whanariki mata i te wā e tukatukahia ana ngā wāhanga rino maka.
4. Ngā āhuatanga utu me te tono
| Ngā Ahu | Paura rino | Paura e hangai ana ki te nikara |
| Utu | He iti iho (tata ki te 1/3-1/2 o te paura nikara), he iti te utu | Teitei (nā te utu nui o te konganuku Ni), te pēhanga utu nui |
| Ngā āhuatanga e tika ana | 1. Ngā āhuatanga mahi e hiahia ana kia nui te ātete ki te kakahu me te ātete ki te waikura waenga (pēnei i ngā ara ārahi taputapu mīhini me te whakatika roera); 2. Te whakaora i ngā āhuatanga, te whakapakari rānei i te mata o ngā wāhanga rino maka, he iti te utu, he nui te rahinga; 3. Ngā whakaritenga mō ngā paparanga matotoru o te whakakikorua (>2mm) (pēnei i te whakatika i te pakaru o ngā wāhanga rino maka nui). | 1. Ngā āhuatanga mahi e hiahia ana kia nui te ātete ki te waikura me te wera (pēnei i ngā taputapu matū, ngā takirere pāmahana teitei); 2. Ngā horopaki e hiahia ana kia tino pakari me te ātete ki te pānga (pēnei i ngā mata niho taputapu, ngā hama kuru); 3. Te whakakikorua tika o ngā wāhanga rino maka angiangi, āhua matatini rānei (pērā i ngā pokepokea ai, ngā wāhanga waipēhi). |
Whakarāpopototanga
• Ko te paura rino te mea e pai ake ana: ina whaihia te utu iti me te ātete ki te kakahu, ā, kāore e hiahiatia he waikura kaha, he pāmahana teitei rānei mō ngā āhuatanga mahi (pērā i te whakatika i ngā wāhanga mīhini noa).
• Ko te paura i ahu mai i te nikara te mea e pai ake ana: ina hiahiatia he ātete ki te waikura, te ātete ki te wera, te pakari nui rānei, ā, e whakaaetia ana ngā utu teitei ake (pēnei i te whakapakari i ngā wāhanga rino maka tika i raro i ngā tikanga mahi motuhake).
